Rawalpindi is situated in north west corner of Punjab. It lies between 33^O and 34^O north latitude and 72 ^O and 74 ^O east longitude. Rawalpindi shares boundaries with Hazara division in north, with Poonch in east, with Jhelum district in south and with Attock district in west. Its total area is 2051 sq. miles and only 936 sq. miles are cultivated. The elevation rising from 1,500 ft. at Gujar Khan and 1750 ft. at Rawalpindi to 7,500 ft. at the hill station of Murree. The district comprises six tehsils namely Rawalpindi, Murree, Kotli Sattian, Kahuta, Gujar Khan and Taxila (Anon., 1998).

Local Name                               :

Jangli Thoom

English Name                            :

Wild garlic                    

Morphology                               :

or sub-globose, pedicels shorter or longer than the lilac campanulate flowers, sepals oblong-lanceolate obtuse or subacute, filaments exserted subulate inner with a dilated 2-toothed base. Bulbs tufted, cylindric, elongae; fibrous coats very finely reticulate, rusty brown. The sepals, shortly exserted, inner obscurely toothed at the base. Capsule globosely ovoid, style very long. Filaments inserted much above the bases of the sepals, shortly exserted, inner obscurely toothed at the base.  Capsule globosely ovoid. The inflorescence is umbel.        

Phytogeography                         :

Central Asia, Afghanistan, India and Western Tibet. In Pakistan; Ziarat, Shokor Shal, Ladakh, Shushal, Rupshu, Da-Hanle, Shyok and Rawalpindi.  Flower Color & Season  Pale & March-April

Palynomorph                              :

exoporate.  Shape in polar view is perprolate to prolate and in equatorial view it is rectangular. Polar diameter is 14.6 µm (11-15 µm) and equatorial is 20.05 µm 20-20.5 µm). P/E ratio is 0.728 µm. Exine thickness is 0.5 µm.

Local Name                               :

Neeli Booti

English Name                            :

Goat weed                              

Morphology                               :

Erect herb; young stems pubescent; leaves ovate or  rhombic- ovate, acute at apex, acute to obtuse or subcordately rounded at base, pubescent on both surfaces, glandular dorsally, 2-10 cm long, 1-56 cm wide, on petiole 1-5 cm long; heads corymbose 4-6mm long; involucre subglabrous, bracts acute- acuminate, 3 mm long; florets about 75 per head; corolla about 1 mm long, white or blue-purplish,   included in the involucre; style-branches exserted, achenes 1.5-2 mm long, nearly glabrous

Phytogeography                        :

Pantropical, Central and South America. Widespread weed. In Pakistan; Islamabad and Rawalpindi.

Flower Color & Season              :

Pruplish pink & February-April.

Palynomorph                            :

Pollen is monad, tricolporate. Shape of pollen in polar and equatorial view is circular. Polar diameter s 19.7 µm (15-20.5 µm). Equatorial diameter is 19 µm (16.5-20 µm). P/E ratio is 1.03 µm. The length f spine is 2.3 um (2-2.5 µm). Exine thickness is 1.2 µm (1-1.5 µm).

Local Name                               :

Gandi Booti

English Name                            :

Congress weed                         

Morphology

An erect ephemeral herb known for its vigorous growth. It is light green with branching stems, finely lobed leaves and grows up to 1.5 meters, occasionally reaching 2 m in deep rich soils.  Young plants form a basal rosette of strongly dissected leaves that are up to 30 cm in length. Once stem elongation is initiated, smaller leaves are produced and the plant becomes much-branched in its extremities.

Phytogeography                         :

Native to Mexico, Central and South America, introduced into several countries including Australia, India, Taiwan and Ethiopia. In Pakistan; Islamabad, Chakwal, Talagang and Rawalpindi.

Flower Color & Season               :

Ceramic white & through out the year.

Palynomorph                             :

Pollen is monad, tricolporate and echinate. Shape of pollen in polar and equatorial view is circular to semi-angular. Polar diameter is 15.58 µm (14-17.5 µm) and equatorial diameter is 16.37 µm (14-17.5 µm). P/E ratio is 0.95 µm. Number of spines between colpi are 6-7. Exine thickness is 1.75 µm (0.75-1 µm).

Local Name                               :

Kali Ziri

English Name                            :

Costus                         

Morphology                               :

Erect herb up to 120 cm tall; stem branched above.  Basal leaves lyrately lobed. Upper ones smaller, toothed. Flower heads pale purplish, many, 20-30 mm broad. Involucral bracts lanceolate. Pappus hairs white. The inflorescence is capitulum.                                

Phytogeography                         :

Afghanistan and Kashmir to Bhutan. In Pakistan; Kurram, Chitral, Gilgit, Swat, Hazara, Salt  range, Lahore, Murree, Kashmir, Jummu, Islamabad and Rawalpindi.

Flower Color & Season               :

Light purple & March-September

Palynomorph                             :

The pollen is monad and dicolporate. The shape of pollen in polar view in both polar and equatorial view are prolate. The polar diameter is 36.66 µm (35-39 µm) and equatorial diameter is 37 µm (35.5- 39 µm). P/E ratio is 0.98 µm. Exine thickness is 5.16 µm (5-5.5 µm).

Local Name                               :

Khoob Kalan / Khakshi

English Name                            :

London rocket

Morphology                               :

Annual or biennial, tall, glabrous, leaves runcinate - pinnatifid, segments not auricled, flowers minute, pedicels slender, young pods overtopping the raceme, old 3-nerved, stigma sessile. Stem 1-3 ft., tall, quite glabrous, or slightly pubescent near the base. Leaves petioled, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite; segments remoste, spreading, toothed; terminal large, sometimes hastate. Pods slender, erect, glabrous, sub-torulose; valves 3-nerved; pedicels ascending, curved. The inflorescence is corymbose.

Phytogeography                         :

India, Afghanishtan, Canary Islands. In Pakistan; Waziristan, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit, Poonch, Kashmir and Rawalpindi.                        

Flower Color & Season               :

Yellow & January-April

Palynomorph                             : 

The pollen is monad and tricolporate. The shape of pollen in polar view is circular and in equatorial view is prolate. The polar diameter is 21.25 µm (20-24 µm) and equatorial diameter is 20 µm. P/E ratio is 0.96 µm. Exine thickness is 1 µm.

Local Name                               :

Lali Poli

English Name                            :

Field Bindweed                        

Morphology                               :

Glabrous or pubescent perennial; stem up triangular or ovate-oblong to linear, hastate to sagittate, more or less entire. Very variable in pubescence and leaf-shape. Plants with linear to oblong-lanceolate leaves. Peduncles axillary, often about as long as bracts, 1- to 2(3) flowered. Sepals obtuse to emarginated, and often apiculate. Corolla 10-25 mm, white to pink. Ovary glabrous. The inflorescence is solitary axillary.                        

Phytogeography                         :

Temperate and Tropical regions of the world, South Europe. In Pakistan; Sind, Ladkh, Baltistan, Attock, Mianwali, Jhang, Talagang, Chakwal and Rawalpindi.

Flower Color & Season               :

Pale pink to pink or white & mostly throughout the year.

Palynomorph                             :

Pollen is monad and tricolporate. The shape of pollen in polar view is circular to semi-circular and in equatorial view is prolate. The polar diameter is 62.25 µm (56-70 µm) and equatorial diameter is61.75 µm (57.5-66 µm). P/E ratio is 01 µm. The length of colpi is 14.25 µm (11-16 µm) the width of colpi is 15.25 µm (15-16 µm). Exine thickness is 6.25 µm (5-9 µm).

Local Name                               :

Biskhapra / Jangli Itsit

English Name                            :

Spreading hogweed                               

Morphology                                                 

Branches 2-3 ft., usually slender glabrous, leaves larger broader often rounded white beneath, more robust, branches long stout glabrous pubescent or viscous, leaves 1-2 in., ovate obtuse or acute usually cordate green beneath. Inflorescence panicled.

Phytogeography                         :

India, Africa, and USA. In Pakistan; Sind, Baluchistan, NWFP, Thal to Kurram, Peshawar, Multan, Attock, Hazara and Rawalpindi.

Flower Color & Season               :

Purplish red & January-August

Palynomorph                             :

The pollen is monad, periporate and echinate. The shape of pollen in polar and equatorial view is circular. The polar diameter with spine is 75.75 µm (72.5-79 µm). The length of spine is 3 µm (2.5-3.5 µm) and the size of pore is 6 µm (4.5-10 µm). Exine and entine are prominent but exine is broader than entine. Exine thickness is 4.8 µm (4.5-5 µm).

Local Name                               :

Bakhra

English Name                            :

Puncture vine

Morphology                               :

Annual or biennial, peduncle shorter than the leaves, cocci with 2 long and 2 short spines. Prostrate, hirsute or silky hairy, petals often not exceeding than the calyx. Cocci very variable, glabrous or hairy and mucronate. Stigmatic lobes longer than the diameter of the style. Fruit 5-angled or tuberculate in cocci. Seeds obliquely pendulous, testa membranous, embryo without albumen, cotyledons ovate, radicle short.

Phytogeography                        

India, Western Tibet. In Pakistan; Gilgit, Astor, Baltistan, Salt Range, Attock, Jhelum, Kohat, Ladakh, Kahmir, Mianwali, Attock and Rawalpindi.

Flower Color & Season               :

Yellow & mostly throughout the year.

Palynomorph                             :

The pollen is monad, periporate and echiate. The shape of pollen in polar view is circular. The polar diameter is 45.62 µm (45-46.5 µm). Exine thickness is 2.83 µm (2.5-3 µm).