A, The PHYTOREGULATORY EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L. ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF ECHINOCHLOA CRUSS-GALLI L.: AN OBNOXIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL WEED

PHYTOREGULATORY EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L. ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF ECHINOCHLOA CRUSS-GALLI L.: AN OBNOXIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL WEED

  • Bilal Ahmad Khan Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Ather Nadeem Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Sadia Afzal Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan.
  • Ahsan Aziz Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Rizwan Maqbool Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan.
  • Amjed Ali Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Mohsin Amin Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.861
Keywords: Allelopahty, emergence, seedling growth, inhibitory, extracts-concentrations

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Crops exude allelochemicals that have ability either to promote or inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of surrounding crops and weeds and this situation is known as allelopathy. Laboratory experiment was performed to determine the suppressive or simulative influence of aqueous extracts of Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers, leaves and stem at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) on environmental weed Echinochloa cruss-galli L. Results revealed that 8% concentration of aqueous extracts of all tested parts of C. tinctorius was most phytostaic against germination as well growth of E. cruss-galli. Maximum mean emergence time (5.60 days), minimum emergence index (1.87), time to 50% emergence (6.17 days), minimum shoot (5.82 cm) and root length (1.91 cm) were recorded with the application leaf extract at 8% concentration. The E. cruss-galli emergence percentage (53.33%) and seedling fresh weight (15.35 g) was minimum when treated with 8% aqueous extract of C. tinctorius fruit extract. The lower concentration of all the studied extracts showed a hermetic response and stimulated the root, shoot and seedling fresh weight of E. cruss-galli. The aqueous extracts inhibitory effect was of order leaf > fruit > stem. This study leads to conclusion that 8% or higher concentration of C. tinctorius leaf aqueous extract may be exploited to biologically suppress the establishment of E. cruss-galli. Hermetic response may affect the manifestation of primary and secondary sequence in biological process and this phenomenon must be considered in the development of natural herbicides keeping focus on toxic dose responses.

Keywords: Allelopathy, emergence, seedling growth, inhibitory, extracts-concentrations.

INTRODUCTION

Author Biographies

Muhammad Ather Nadeem, Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Professor in Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Sadia Afzal, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan.

M.Phil Scholar

Ahsan Aziz, Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Assistant Professor

Rizwan Maqbool, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan.

Assistant Professor

Amjed Ali, Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Assistant Professor

Muhammad Mohsin Amin, Department of Agronomy, college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

M.Phil Scholar

Published
2020-09-30
Issue
Vol 26 No 3 (2020)
Section
Articles